Indications for GLP-1 agonist therapy include contraindications or intolerance to metformin or poorly controlled diabetes in patients already taking metformin
Serious side effects, such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), can also occur
Certain medications can contribute to leg cramps, including loop and thiazide diuretics, beta-agonists, and statins (which more commonly cause diffuse myalgia rather than focal cramps)
however, p38 MAPK exerts a positive regulation on PGC1, and MAPK1 along with MAPK14 promote both starvation- and hypoxia-induced mitophagy in HeLa cells ( FIGURE 2 On the other hand, in addition to its well-known functions, PGC1, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, positively regulates mitophagy by directly inducing the expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) that mediates lysosomal biogenesis (Settembre et al., 2011)